Spirometers And What They Can Diagnose

By Marissa Velazquez


Spirometers are a very useful tool for a doctor to diagnose breathing conditions such as chronic obstructive disease (COPD) and lung capacity in general for those who present symptoms of concern. They are a great diagnostic tool for those who are currently under treatment for lung conditions to see if the treatment is effective. It measures the flow of air going in and out of the lungs and how fast it is moving.

For those who are currently taking medication for a lung condition, the spirometer test can show the efficacy of the medications and show if there is improvement. A doctor will order this test if they suspect a patient has such conditions as COPD, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, or pulmonary fibrosis.

Before taking the test, patients are advised not to use any medications or inhalants for the most accurate readings. Large meals should be avoided in order to breath easier and loose clothing is recommended so that the patient will not be constricted in their breathing.

Before the test begins a soft clip will be placed on the nose to prevent air from escaping though it as well as a mouthpiece filter will be used to guard against contaminants. A deep breath will be taken and then exhaled as hard as is possible into the mouthpiece on the spirometer to test air flow. This can cause one to feel dizzy for a bit or have shortness of breath. One may be asked to repeat this three times to get an accurate reading.

If inhaled medications are administered after the initial test to keep the lungs open, one should wait at least 15 minutes before taking another test. Comparison can then be made between the two tests to see if the medication improved airflow. Each test takes less than 15 minutes to do. The measurements include the largest amount of air that can be exhaled, called forced vital capacity (FVC), and another reading shows how much air can be exhaled in one second, known as forced expiratory volume (FEV-1).

A spirometer test is used to diagnose and provide asthma management, detect respiratory disease for those who show symptoms of breathlessness, and to distinguish between respiratory conditions and cardiac disease. It can measure bronchial responsiveness or differentiate between an obstructive and a restrictive lung disease. It is used to assess the impairment from occupational asthma or identify risk from pulmonary barotrauma while scuba diving. It is also used for risk assessment before the administration of anesthesia or prior to cardiothoracic surgery. This test can measure the treatment of conditions that it detects and diagnose the dysfunction of vocal cords.

In order for this test to show accurate results, the patient needs to be cooperative. It can be used on children, but it is advised that they be at least 6 years of age or more. It is not a good test for those who are heavily sedated, have limited respiratory effort, are unconscious, or cannot understand the instructions.

Spirometers can be a part of bronchial challenge testing, to check hyper-responsiveness to either inhalation of dry or cold air, during rigorous exercise, or the use of a medication such as a histamine or a methacholine agent. Other lung function testing can include a nitrogen washout or a plethysmography.




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